The envisaged in food production is daunting because of limited available arable land, depleting water resource and varying climatic condition. The difficulties are also compounded by urbanization, salinization, biotic stress, drought and desertification that result in a reduction of arable land. There are different mechanisms for harnessing the heritable variations encoded in the genetic makeup of existing crop plants so as to use them in the crop improvement programs. The incorporation of desired traits from nonadapted landraces/crop wild resources can speed up crop improvement. Among the different strategies to enhance crop improvement programs, induced mutagenesis has contributed immensely by creating mutant varieties with improved and desirable genetic changes in agronomically important traits of the crop plants. Such genetic changes can occur spontaneously naturally at a very low rate or experimentally induced by physical and chemical mutagens. The related with mutation induction mechanisms, Role of mutation breeding in crop improvement and some highlight of mutant varieties, Mutation breeding strategy for obtaining mutants and Economic impact of a new mutant variety were reviewed well.