Soil biological and chemical activity in two texturally contrasting soils (Amaoba and Ajata soils) exposed to agro industrial effluents were analyzed to ascertain the effects of these effluents on soil microbial distribution and soil chemical properties (soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen available P and exchangeable basics) across three soil depths. The agro-industrial effluents were palm oil mill (POME) and cassava mill (CME) collected from industries in Abia state. The bacterial and fungal distribution in the effluent soils and a control soil were observed at three depths, the variations in the chemical properties at the three sampling depths were statistically analyzed using a 2 X 3 X 3 factorial analysis of variance, where factor A represents the type of effluent, factor B represent the depth of sampling and factor C represents the treatment replicates and significant treatment means were separated using FLSD at five percent level of probability. The results indicate a significant (P < 0.05) effect of the effluents on the soil chemical properties. The values for chemical properties decreased with depth of sampling. The microbial diversity was higher in soils exposed to POME in the Ajata soil than those exposed to CME, The bacterial populations identified include Klebsiella Spp, staphylococcus spp, E. Coli, Psuedomonas spp and Staph aureus for the different depths in both sample sites. Fungal populations identified include Penicillum spp, Rhizopus Spp, Trichoderma sppp, Fusarium spp and mucor. There were generally higher populations of these organisms at the 0-20cm depth. However the most frequent occurring bacteria for the POME and CME affected areas were Eschericha coli, pseudomonas spp, and staphylococcus spp. While for fungi the most occurring spp were Penicillum spp, Rhzopus spp, and Aspergillus spp. There were significant differences in the soil chemical properties with respect to the parent material, type of industrial effluent and depth of soil sampling. The microorganisms with the highest occurring frequency were Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp, Aspergillus spp, Escherishia coli Pseudomonas spp and Staphylococcus spp. The microbial populations in the soil from different parent material responded to palm oil mill effluent (POM) and cassava mill effluent (CM) as they differed from those obtained in the control soil. Soil chemical properties of the effluent soils also differed from the control soil.