This article carries on efficiency appraisal of agriculture production in Shandong Province based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The CCR model analysis result indicates that the synthesis efficiency of agriculture production during 2007-2010 year is somewhat low, and there exists obvious difference among 17 districts in Shandong Province. We use BCC model to further calculate the agriculture production efficiency in 17 districts and find that 6 districts are at the stage of distant returns to scale, the other 11 districts are at the stage of decreasing returns to scale. The projection analysis of DEA model indicates that each input factor of non-DEA effective district has input redundancy at different degree. Input surplus is the main reason to result in low synthesis efficiency of agriculture production, while sown area of crops surplus and overpopulation are the two most important factors