This study evaluated the hyperglycaemia lowering activity of the methanolic extract, partition, column fractions and two isolated compounds from the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica in glucose-induced hyperglycaemic rats using glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) as positive control. The extract showed highest activities at 400 mg/kg while its dichloromethane and aqueous fractions showed comparable activity to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). Kaurenoic and xylopic acids were isolated from active column fraction of dichloromethane and they showed comparable activity to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) at 10 and 20 mg/kg. The study justified the antidiabetic claim of Xylopia aethiopica fruits and showed kaurenoic acid as a lead drug.