Background Information: The rate of male infertility owing to low sperm and unhealthy sperm production is increasing especially in developed and developing nations of the world. In Nigeria, it is estimated that one in every five males suffers low sperm count and or abnormal semen resulting in other marital problems. Therefore, the use of herbal formulations and medicinal plants has been made popular among the aforementioned parts of the world due to their low prices, accessibility, beliefs, and easy preparation among others for solving male infertility.

Aim: This present study was carried out in order to determine fertility enhancement, high and quality sperm production as well as blood indices enhancement efficacies of Physalis angulata leaf extract in 30 Swiss male albino rats.

Method: The leaf methanol extract of P. angulata was administered at doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg b.w orally for 28 days. The animals were grouped into 5 groups of 6 rats each denoted as GPI, GPII, GPIII, GPIV and GPV. GPI served as the control which were administered Spermovite Herbal formula capsule, GPII- GPV were administered 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.w) P. angulata extract (PAE) respectively.

Results: Acute toxicity (LD50) of the plant was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg by OECD method. There were no liver congestion as well as organ abnormalities after 28 days of administering PAE at various doses. Most parameters investigated showed dose-dependent values and compared with the controls at p< 0.05 (oneway ANOVA).

Conclusion: The study showed that P. angulata extract boosts fertility as well as high and quality sperm production in albino rats, thus can be extended to solve infertility and low sperm counts in humans. This plant extract has also been proven to be safe for use as an ethnobotanical oral prescription in tradtional medicine.