A perfect molecular level separating unit for any kind of species to be filtered is on very high demand. In recent years, graphene oxide has emerged as an important material which can filter ions and molecules. This is an emerging field of research which has drawn extensive attention. Membrane-based separation technology has attracted great interest in many separation fields due to its advantages of easyoperation, energy-efficiency, and easy scale-up, and environmental friendliness. The development of novel membrane materials and membrane structures is an urgent demand to promote membrane-based separation technology. Graphene oxide (GO), as an emerging star Nano-building material, has showed great potential in the membrane-based separation field. In the past few decades, membrane-based separation technology has attracted considerable attention in many separation fields due to its advantages of easy-operation, energyefficiency, and environmental friendliness.