Hydrogen bonded imidazole systems have attracted extensive efforts because they play a key role in proton conduction and biological processes. Proton transfer along the hydrogen-bonded imidazole chain is elucidated with a special emphasis on electronic and protonic effect. The chain length reduces upon both electron and proton gain or loss. The flexibility of water and ammonia mediated chain is larger as compared with that of imidazole mediated system. The typical IR spectra of NH...N hydrogen bonds shift distinctly with electron and proton variation. NMR chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants are employed as the criterions in judging whether the proton is transferred or not. The initial step for the conduction mechanism of imidazole chain should not be oxidation. It is expected that the ammonia mediated chain is a better conductive material as compared with water and imidazole mediated systems.