Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the dissipation behavior of chlorantraniliprole (CAP) insecticide in two common types of Egyptian soils (Alluvial and Calcareous) with different conditions and treatments. The side effect of CAP was also tested on soil dehydrogenase (DHase) activity. The CAP was analyzed by HPLC and its dissipation followed the first order kinetics. Type of soil, amendment (wheat straw), temperature, sterilization and time of incubation were selected to design the experiments by Minitab software. The residues dissipated below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.074μg after 60 days of the application at 50 μg/g soil in both soils. The half-life (t_0.5) value was ranged from 7.52 to 11.55 days in Alluvial soil (A) and from 9.01 to 11.63 days in Calcareous soil (B). The modeling showed that the experimental data could be adequately adapted in a second-order polynomial model with a multiple regression coefficient r² ? 0.70 for the prediction of dissipation and t_0.5. The result proved that the enzyme activity was significantly decreased in all treatments compared with the controls at 1 and 3 days of incubation then it was gradually increased at 7, 10, 15 and 30 days of incubation.